CHEMICAL PROCESSING OF TEXTILES (Vastra Nirmaanaateel Raasaayanik Prakriyaa)

Chemical treatments needed for important natural, regenerated as well as synthetic fibres are discussed in detail. Pre-treatment  given to remove natural as well as added impurities involves desizing, scouring, bleaching and mercerising to improve their appearance and make them receptive to further specific chemicals. Dyeing or printing with suitable dyes from different classes, depending on desired shades, fastness and cost are covered. The final finishes given to enhance the natural properties and to impart additional required properties by the application of softeners, stiffeners, cross-linking agents, water proofing/repelling agents, fire proofing agents, surface modifiers etc. are described in brief. Such chemical processing is done mainly for fabrics but is also meant for fibres, yarns and garments. The processes as well as the machinery are discussed briefly, along with considerations on pollution and its control.